jueves, 30 de septiembre de 2010

“ING”

POSTMODIFICACION CON “ING”

EJERCICIO 1:Complete la traducción de las siguientes oraciones:
1.Breastfeeding should not be undertaken by mothers receiving this drug.
La lactancia no debe ser intentada por madres que recicen esta droga.2.The method is based on studies correlating clinical and experimental findings.El método se basa en estudios que correlacionan los hallazgos clínicos y experimentales.3.This result in the development of white glial membranes containing collagen.
Esto da por resultado el desarrollo de membranas gliales blancas que contienen colageno.


EJERCICIO II.¿Cómo traducirías las siguientes oraciones?
1.“Approximately 50% of the patients had a history of furuncle or superficial staphylococcal infection preceding osteomyelitis”.
apoximadamente 50% de los paciente tuvieron una historia de de forúnculo o una infección estafilocócica superficial precedente de osteomielitis ".2.“… a picture similar to that seen occasionally in certain fulminating cases or staphylococcal bacteremias in man…”
traducción del inglés al español
una imagen similar a la observada ocasionalmente en algunos casos fulminante o bacteriemias por estafilococos en el hombre ... 3.“In many communities the incidence of extra-hospital infections caused by penicillin-resistant strains is now similar to that found in hospitalized patients.
En muchas comunidades la incidencia de las infecciones extrahospitalarias causadas por cepas resistentes a la penicilina es ahora similar a la encontrada en los pacientes hospitalizados.


EJERCICIO III
Traduzca al español las siguientes oraciones:
1. Identifying dangerous side effects produced by drugs is notoriously difficult.
la identificación de los efectos secundarios peligrosos producidos por drogas es difícil. 2. The new vessels, arising from the major temporal nasal arcades, grow near the retinal membrane.
los nuevos vasos, derivados de las grandes arcadas nasales temporales, crecen cerca de la membrana retinal 3. The vessels appear as large orange networks lying in the plane of the retina.
Los vasos aparecen como grandes redes naranja que se extienden de en el plano de la retina


Present Participle - Exercise

1) barking dogs 
2) playing children 
3) screaming girls 
4) dancing cowboys 
5) swimming ducks 
6) crying babies 
7) running water 
8) singing teachers 
9) falling leaves 
10) lying people 


Exercise on Present Participle

She was talking to her friend and forgot everything around her.
1.Talking to her friend she forgot everything around her.

Since we watch the news every day we know what's going on in the world.
2. Watching the news every day we know what's going on in the world.

They are vegetarians and don't eat meat.
3. Being vegetarians they don't eat meat.

The dog wagged its tail and bit the postman.
4. Wagging its tail the dog bit the postman.

While she was tidying up her room she found some old photos.
5.Tidying up her room she found some old photos.

He was a good boy and helped his mother in the kitchen.
6. Being a good boy he helped his mother in the kitchen.

As they didn't have enough money they spent their holidays at home last year.
7. Not having enough money they spent their holidays at home last year.
The man was sitting in the cafe. He was reading a paper.?
8. The man was sitting in the cafe reading a paper.

Since I didn't feel well I didn't go to the cinema.
9. Not feeling well I didn't go to the cinema.

She walked home and met an old friend.
10. Walking home she met an old friend


Irregular Past Participles
1 Begin: We're late -- the game has already begun.
2 Break: Shelley can't go skiing any more. She has broken  her leg.
3.Become: In the last few years, it has become more and more difficult to get into college
4 Bring: Duncan's here, and he's brought some sandwiches!
5 Choose: She's getting married in a week, and she hasn't chosen her dress yet.
6 Drink: It's so hot that I've drunk five cans of Coke already this afternoon.
7 Eat: You've eaten my lunch! How dare you!
8 Fall: The price of oil has fallen rapidly since January.
9 Feel: I've never felt so good!
10 Hear: Have you heard  about the accident?
11 Lose: I've lost  my grammar book. Have you seen it?
12 Put: I found your grammar book under the table. I've put  it away on the bookshelf.
13 Run: Jan's out of breath because she's run all the way from the bus terminal.
14 Sell: Have you sold your car yet?
15 Show: Stewart hasn't shown up yet. He must have been delayed.
16 Sleep: I was so exhausted after the exam that I  slept for twelve hours.
17 Steal: Someone has stolen my bicycle!
18 Swim: She's never swum in the sea before.
19 Teach: Gerry has taught English at UVic for many years.
20 Write: How many pages have you written  for your homework?


Past Participle - Exercise

1) repaired watches 
2) stolen computers 
3) fascinated fans 
4) bored students 
5) confused boys 
6) forgotten umbrellas 
7) disappointed girls 
8) swapped comics 
9) worried doctors 
10) amused queens
 



martes, 28 de septiembre de 2010

Reading

Eating a Diet Moderate in Protein-Rich Foods
Eating a high-protein diet is not neccessary—or even healthy—for most of us. But, including at least some protein-rich foods in our daily diet is. There are many protein-rich foods. They can be divided into a few major categories:
  • Dairy products
  • Meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and other animal products
  • Legumes, nuts, and beans
So does it matter which protein-rich foods you select? It does. As always, choosing a variety of foods is ideal. And when considering where to get your protein it is also important to be aware of the many protein-rich foods that are also rich in fat and cholesterol.
Here's Why:
To Reduce Cholesterol and Fat
Full-fat dairy products (eg, whole milk, yogurt, cheese), poultry skin, and many cuts of meat are high in cholesterol and saturated fat. Saturated fat raises blood cholesterol. A high level of cholesterol in the blood is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease, which can lead to a heart attack.
In addition to having a diet low in cholesterol and saturated fat, the American Heart Association (AHA) also recommends reducing your intake of trans fats. Trans fats, commonly listed on the nutrition label as "hydrogenated oil," can be found in many snack foods, like cakes, cookies, and crackers, as well as fast foods, like French fries and onion rings.
By choosing protein-rich foods that are low in cholesterol and unhealthy fats, you may be able to reduce your risk of heart disease.
To Keep Arteries Healthy
Fish has less total fat and saturated fat than meat and poultry. Some fish are high in fat, but the fat is mostly omega-3 fatty acids —a type of polyunsaturated fat. Unsaturated fats, both mono and poly, are heart healthy. While studies are conflicting, omega-3 fatty acids may be able to prevent arteries from hardening and prevent blood from clotting and sticking to artery walls. With these actions, omega-3 fatty acids can help reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke.
To Help Lower Blood Pressure
Low-fat dairy products can prevent and lower high blood pressure. This finding came from the DASH study, which examined dietary means of preventing and lowering high blood pressure. Researchers are not sure of the exact reason for this effect, but they believe it is partly due to the mineral calcium, which is abundant in dairy products.
Here's How:
Understanding Serving Size
The AHA recommends eating no more than six ounces per day of cooked fish, shellfish, poultry (without skin), or trimmed lean meat. A standard serving is three ounces, which is about the size of a deck of cards. This is equal to:
·   ½ of a chicken breast or a chicken leg with thigh (without skin)
·   ¾ cup of flaked fish
·   two thin slices of lean roast beef
Go Fish
To get the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids, eat at least two servings of fish per week. Those high in omega-3 fatty acids include:
·   Mackerel
·   Lake trout
·   Herring
·   Sardines
·   Albacore tuna
·   Salmon
Remember that large, cold water fish, such as tuna, may be contaminated with heavy metals like mercury. Pregnant women are especially at risk and should follow current recommendations regarding fish intake. You may choose to supplement your diet with high quality fish oil that has the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids without the risk of mercury contamination, but always talk to your doctor before starting any supplements.
Leaner Meats
When eating meat and poultry, make leaner choices:
·   Light (rather than dark) meat of chicken, Cornish hen, and turkey without skin
·   Lean cuts of beef, such as round, sirloin, chuck, and loin
·   Lean or extra lean ground beef that has no more than 15% fat
·   Lean ham and pork, such as tenderloin and loin chop
·   Lean cuts of emu, buffalo, and ostrich
·   When dining in restaurants and when cooking at home, choose lighter cooking methods, such as:
  • Baking
  •   Broiling
  • Grilling
Make these substitutions:
·   Use ground turkey in place of ground beef
·   Buy "choice" or "select" grades of beef instead of "prime"
·   Use turkey sausage in place of regular breakfast sausage
·   Try soy and vegetable-based products:
*   Textured vegetable protein in place of ground meat
*   Veggie or soy burgers and hot dogs in place of the meat versions
Magic beans
Legumes are very versatile. Try some of these ways to work them into your diet:
·   Roll a tortilla around pinto beans, diced tomatoes, shredded lettuce, and low-fat cheese, and warm it in the oven.
·   Top a baked potato with sauteed black beans, onions, scallions, and some salsa.
·   Dip carrot sticks and apple slices in hummus.
·   Use a bean spread on sandwiches instead of mayonnaise.
·   Toss white beans and tomatoes with pasta and fresh basil.
·   Throw a can or two of beans—any kind—into a pot of chili or soup.
·   Fold eggs around pinto beans and tomatoes for your next omelet.
·   Have baked beans with hearty dinner rolls for a warm, satisfying meal.
In the Dairy Case
To make the switch to lower fat dairy products, try this:
·   If you are used to full-fat or 2% milk, mix your regular milk with 1% at first to wean yourself off the higher fat milk. Slowly make the mixture more 1% until you are used to the lighter taste.
·   If you cannot get used to skim milk, 1% is still a good low-fat option.
·   Mix cheeses, too. Use some regular and some low-fat, so you will not feel you are missing out on the flavor.
·   When choosing low-fat yogurts, note that the calorie levels are often only lower in the versions that are "light" as well as low in fat.
And What About Eggs?
An egg is an excellent source of protein, B vitamins, and minerals. It is also high in cholesterol (about 200 mg in one egg). The cholesterol is only in the yolk of the egg, not the white. For a healthier option, the AHA advises people to substitute two eggs whites for each egg yolk.
Other substitutions that you may want to try include:
·   Make an omelet with one egg yolk and a few egg whites.
·   In cooking and baking, use two egg whites, or one egg white plus two teaspoons of unsaturated oil, in place of one whole egg.
·   Try cholesterol-free commercial egg substitutes.


Uses of It

Uses Of  It

1. It won't do any good to hide from me.
Anticipatory it
2. I think you've broken it.
Pronoun it
3. It's very kind of you to see me at short notice.
Anticipatory it
4. It was after midnight when I left the office.
Dummy it
5. I've had it with this place - I'm leaving!
Dummy it

IT COMO PRONOMBRE, COMO SUJETO FALSO, ITS COMO ADJETIVO POSESIVO
Excersice A:
1.      IT se refiere a: the phenomenon
2.      IT se refiere a : the aminodarone  hydrochloride
3.      IT se refiere a: the donazol
4.      IT se refiere a: the breast enlargement
5.      IT se refiere a : the anesthesia

Excersice B:
1.      Anatómicamente el mediastino se extiende desde la abertura superior del tórax al diafragma lateralmente por la pleura mediastinica y posteriormente por la columna vertebral
2.      Para reducir el riesgo de hipoglucemia que habitualmente mide la concentración de glucosa en la sangre y su seguimiento cada cuatro horas en todos los pacientes que reciben más de dos unidades de insulina por hora.
3.      Hemos descrito el estado vegetativo. Por lo que puede contrastar con la muerte de todo el cerebro
4.      La cavidad craneal está llena de liquido cefalorraquídeo y transluminantes cuando la luz es una que se le aplica.

Excersice C:
1.      It is important to employ angiocardiography in the diagnosis of vascular lesions in order to be prepared at the time of surgical exploration.
Es importante emplear angiocardiografía en el diagnóstico de lesiones vasculares con el fin de estar preparados en el momento de la exploración quirúrgica.
2.      It has been suggested that prolonged use of high doses of vitamin c may introduce a temporary increase in need for the vitamin.
Se ha sugerido que el uso prolongado de dosis altas de vitamina C puede introducir un aumento temporal de la necesidad por la vitamina.
3.      Although occasional patients may have problems with amiodarone therapy, it appears that the frequency of these cases is sufficiently low.
Aunque algunos pacientes pueden tener problemas con la terapia de la amiodarona, parece que la frecuencia de estos casos es lo suficientemente baja
Excersice D:
Termina la traducción de este texto:
The histopathology of the thyroid in simple goiter vary with the severity of the etiologic factor and the stage of the disorder at wich the examination is made. in its initial satages the gland will several a uniform hypertrophy, and hypervascularity.
la histopatología de la tiroides en el bocio simple varían de acuerdo con la gravedad de la etiología y la etapa de la enfermedad en la que se hace el examen. en su satages inicial de la glándula se hipertrofia varias uniforme, y hipervascularidad
¿Cuál es el significado del “ITS” en los casos vistos?
Su…


jueves, 23 de septiembre de 2010

MODALS VERBS

Modals of Ability 1 - Can, Could, Be able to, May, Might


1.When Vera was young, she could not type quickly. She took a typing class and now she can type very quickly!
2.Kevin was disappointed because he wasn't able to get tickets for the football game
3.May  I borrow your dictionary?
4.My cat can jump, but it can't talk
5.Could you play the piano when you were a child?
6.Sara can cook Italian food and she is able to cook French food too!
7.Can dogs fly? No, of course not!
8.The family can't decide where to go on vacation. They might go to Los Angeles or they may go to Hawaii.
9.The little girl asked, "Mommy, can I have a cookie?" The mother said, "Yes, you can."
10.Peter couldn't swim when he was a child, but now he can. In fact, he swims every day
11.She is able to understand Korean very well, but she cannot speak it perfectly.
12.George is absent from class today. He colud be sick.
13.I'm going to bring an umbrella today because it might rain.


Modals of Advice 2 - Should, Ought to, Had Better

1.A: I think that the grade my teacher gave me on my test is wrong.
  B: Really? You ought to talk to her after class today.
2.I need help, doctor. My baby doesn't sleep well. What should I do?
3.Dave loves chocolate, but he shouldn't too much or he will get fat.
4.I'm going to visit your country. Where I should go if I want to go shopping?
5.It's raining and I don't want to get my dress wet. I had better bring an umbrella.
6.A: I'm so hot.
  B: You should take off your coat!
7.My mother isn't feeling well, so I told her that she ought to go to the doctor
8.The airline only allows two pieces of luggage. You had better not pack too much or you will have to take it out at the airport!



Modals of Necessity 3 - Must, Have got to, Have to

1.Son: Mom, I don't want to clean my room. Do I have to clean it right now?
  Mother: Yes, right now
2.If Richard wants to become a professional musician, he has to practice every day
3.According to the law, drivers must stop at stop signs.
4.Mr. Wu: Hi, Mark. Where's your dad?
  Mark: Oh, he had to go to work because there was an emergency
5.When a police officer asks to see your driver's license, you have got to show it to him/her
6.In order to log on to the Internet, Sally must enter her user I.D.
7.If you have a pet dog, you have got to feed it every day or it will die!
8.Friend: Does your sister have to pay to see the doctor?
  Brother: No, she doesn't because she has medical insurance.



Modals with “Not” 4 - Must not, Do not have to

1.You mustn't be late for class, or the teacher will be angry
2.In Canada, employers mustn't discriminate against women or minorities. It's against the law
3.You mustn't unplug the computer while it is turned on
4.You don't have to buy the text book for this course -- you can borrow mine.
5.You mustn't smoke in a gas station
6.You don't have to live in Canada to study at the University of Victoria. You can take a course by Internet
7.Shops mustn't sell cigarettes to children
8.You don't have to  pass a test to ride a bicycle.
9.Canadians don't have to get a visa to travel to the US
10.This bus is free! You don't have to buy a ticket



martes, 21 de septiembre de 2010

"Relative Pronouns"

EXERCISE ONE


1. The man was sick. He looked very pale.
R= the man was sick who looked very pale


2. He was sitting in the emergency room. It was very crowded.
R= he was sitting in the emergency room which was very crowded


3. A nurse was nearby. He called to her.
R= he called to a nurse, who was nerby


4. The nurse called a doctor. He came quickly.
R= the nurse called a doctor, who came  quickly


5. The doctor asked him to lie down. She looked very worried.
R= the doctor who looked very worried, asked him to lie down


6. She gave the man an injection. It made him go to sleep.
R= she gave the man an injection that made him go to sleep




EXERCISE TWO


1.       The cougar is a member of the cat family which grows to around 8 feet in length.

2.       The cougar lives in deserts, forests, plains and mountains, but according to scientists who have studied the animal, it is becoming endangered in some areas.

3.       The cougar has powerful legs, which it uses to climb and to jump into trees.

4.       Cougars sometimes prey on sheep and goats, so they may be killed by the farmers whose  animals they attack.

5.       However, cougars very rarely attack humans, of whom they are usually afraid.

EXERCISE THREE

1.The Olympic snowboarding event was exciting. Many people watched it on TV.
R= The Olympic snowboarding event, which many people watched on TV, was exciting

2. It was the first time snowboarding had been included in the Olympics. Snowboarding is a new sport
R= It was the first time snowboarding, which is a new sport, had been included in the Olympics

3.The competition was very exciting. A Canadian won it.
R= The competition which a Canadian won, was very exciting

4. The winner, Ross Rebagliati, lives in Whistler, BC. Many young snowboarders admire him
R= The winner ,Ross Rebagliati,whom many young snowboarders admire,lives in whistler,BC

martes, 14 de septiembre de 2010

HOMEWORK ONE

Exercises:
Adjectives ending in -ing and –ed
1.      Grammar rules frustrate me. They're not logical. They are so  frustrating.
2.      They frustrate me but they don't bore me. I am never bored when I study grammar.
3.      Normally a language class stimulates me. Of course, it depends on the teacher. With some teachers I don't feel stimulated.
4.      Their classes bore me. And I'm not the only one. Many students find these classes very boring.
5.      If teachers want to interest the students, they must use interesting material.
6.      How can teachers interest students? One way is to have interesting discussions.
7.      Certain subjects interest almost everybody. For example, most students are interested in the subject of crime and morality.
8.      It's important to speak in a language class, but it frightens many students. They are too frightened to speak in front of so many people.
9.      And me? Well, certain things frighten me, but not that. I am never frightened when I speak in class.
10.  Exams, however, really frighten me. Exams are the only frightening thing in a language course.
11.  Exams tire me, both physically and emotionally. After a two-hour exam I am really tired.
12.  All the mental effort exhausts the student. Ask anybody. They all agree. Exams are  exhausting .
13.  But if I get a good grade, now that excites me. And if I get more than ninety percent, I am really excited.
14.  In conclusion, I must confess that languages fascinate me. I will always want to learn a new and fascinating language.



 Adjectives with -ing / -ed

1.     I do the same thing every day. My job is very  boring.
2.     I have nothing to do. I'm bored.
3.     My job is very varied. I find it interesting.
4.     I'm interested in applying for the job.
5.     I heard some very  depressing  news. I'm going to lose my job. I feel terrible.
6.     Cheer up . Don't feel so depressed . There are plenty of other jobs.
7.     I heard a very amusing story. It will make you laugh.
8.     It's not suprising  that you failed the exam. You never did any work.
9.     I don't understand this exercise. I'm very confused.
10. I thought your behaviour at the party was disgusting. You were sick in the middle of the room.
11. My trip to Paris has been cancelled. I'm really disappointed. I really wanted to go.
12. The performance of the English team was very disappointing. They played much worse than expected.
13. There are a lot of road signs. It's all very confusing.
14. I am very interested in this subject. I find it fascinating.
15. The lesson was really boring. I almost fell asleep.
16. I was amused by her behaviour. It was very funny.
17. I was suprised by the news. I didn't expect it.
18. I was disgusted by his behaviour. It was outrageous.
19. I'm interested in finding out more about this. Where can I look?
20. When the students did badly, the teacher became really depressed and didn't smile for weeks.